a. Visceral Discomfort (Abdominal or Internal Organs).

This occurs most often during the first stage of labor. It results from uterine contractions. Discomfort is felt in the lower abdomen, lumbar region, and thighs. The mother will be free of pain between contractions.

b. Perineal Discomfort.

The greatest discomfort is felt during the second stage of labor. This is when the cervix is dilating from 8 to 10 cm. Discomfort is due to the stretching of the vagina and the perineum as the presenting part moves through the birth canal.