Immobility.

Continuous pressure over any body part impairs circulation to that part and can cause breakdown and eventual ulcerations.

Incontinence.

If the patient is unable to control the bladder or bowel functions, skin breakdown is likely to occur due to the presence of moisture and bacteria on the skin.

Emaciation.

An emaciated patient may be prone to skin breakdown over bony prominence (heels, elbows, and coccyx).

Obesity.

An obese patient may have many skin folds where perspiration and bacteria may contribute to skin breakdown.

Age-Related Skin Changes.

An older person’s skin is very thin and inelastic. The sweat and oil glands are less active. Thin, dry skin is more susceptible to pressure areas and skin breakdown.

Any Disease or Condition that Affects Circulation.

Any disease or condition that affects circulation can encourage skin breakdown in a patient who is confined to bed.