INSTRUCTIONS. The following exercises are to be answered by marking the lettered response that best answers the question or best completes the incomplete statement or by writing the answer in the space provided.

After you have completed all the exercises, turn to “Solutions to Exercises” at the end of the lesson and check your answers.

1. List three factors involved in the development of infection in a wound.
a. ____________________________________________________________.
b. ____________________________________________________________.
c. ____________________________________________________________.

2. Basic signs of infection at the wound site include pain and tenderness, redness and swelling, increased local temperature, formation of ___________, and cellulitis.

3. _________________________ is a condition in which infection spreads
through the subcutaneous layer of skin.

4. In the Gram-stain procedure, gram-___________________organisms take up and retain a crystal violet stain which appears purplish under a microscope. The organisms which retain the pink or red counterstain are gram-_______________ organisms.

5. In a ____________________________infection, local abscess formations
can be firm initially, become fluctuant, and then drain spontaneously.

6. A(n) ___________________________ infection has no abscess formation, but infection spreads rapidly from the edge of the wound outward through the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

7. _____________________ is an infection which spreads through dead tissue.

8. Treatment for gas gangrene must be started immediately because
_______________________________________________________________.

9. The causative organism for tetanus is found in ___________________and in ________________________________

10. List the four species of bacteria which most frequently cause gram-negative
infections.
a. ____________________________________________________________.
b. ____________________________________________________________.
c. ____________________________________________________________.
d. ____________________________________________________________.

11. Treatment for ________________________ infections includes removing any possible source of infection such as venous or urinary catheters.

12. _____________________ is a condition in which the body, or a part of it, is invaded by a disease-producing organism.

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SOLUTIONS TO LESSON 2: SELF TEST

1. You are correct if you listed any 3 of the following:
– Delay in treatment.
– Decreased blood circulation.
– Collection of blood in the wound and surrounding tissues.
– Location of wound.
– Foreign bodies in the wound.
– Inadequate irrigation or inadequate removal of dead tissue.
– Suturing of dirty wounds.
– Inadequate immobilization.
– Breaking sterile technique and cross contamination.
– Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the wound.
– Secondary disease. (para 2-2a through k)

2. Pus. (para 2-3a(1) through (5))

3. Cellulitis. (para 2-3a(5))

4. Positive.
Negative. (para 2-4a)

5. Staphylococcal. (para 2-4b(1)

6. Streptococcal. (para 2-4c(1))

7. Gas gangrene. (para 2-4d(1))

8. Delay could mean loss of life. (para 2-4d(2))

9. Soil.
Feces of animals and humans. (para 2-4e)

10. Escherichia coli.
Enterobacter.
Klebsiella penumoniae aeruginosa.
Proteus. (para 2-5)

11. Gram-negative. (para 2-5c)

12. Infection. (para 2-2)