INSTRUCTIONS. The following exercises are to be answered by marking the lettered response that best answers the question or best completes the incomplete statement or by writing the answer in the space provided.
After you have completed all the exercises, turn to “Solutions to Exercises” at the bottom of this page and check your answers.
1. List six factors to consider when you determine the severity of a burn injury.
a. _____________________________________________________________.
b. _____________________________________________________________.
c. _____________________________________________________________.
d. _____________________________________________________________.
e. _____________________________________________________________.
f. _____________________________________________________________.
2. Most thermal burns are caused by _____________________________________
3. Acids, alkalis, napalm, and white phosphorus coming in contact with the body can cause _______________________ burns.
4. What is the most frequent cause of death at the scene when electric current has passed through a person? ___________________________________.
5. List four late-appearing complications which may follow an electrical injury to a person.
a. _____________________________________________________________.
b. _____________________________________________________________.
c. _____________________________________________________________.
d. _____________________________________________________________.
6. What is a good way to decide if there is a downed electrical wire hidden in tall grass or brush? __________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
7. What are the initial emergency treatment procedures forf a person who has had an electrical injury?
a. _____________________________________________________________.
b. _____________________________________________________________.
c. _____________________________________________________________.
8. An individual has been struck by lightning. What injuries should you assume that he has?
________________________________________________________________
9. The first treatment for a patient with a chemical burn is _____________________________________________________________________.
10. What is the usual cause of death from inhalation injury? ___________________.
11. Why is carbon monoxide difficult to detect? _____________________________
________________________________________________________________.
12. List four functions of the skin.
a. _____________________________________________________________.
b. _____________________________________________________________.
c. _____________________________________________________________.
d. _____________________________________________________________.
13. The body organ usually damaged by thermal burns is _____________________.
14. a. Which layer of skin does first-degree burns involve? ___________________.
b. These burns are also referred to as ____________________________ burns.
15. Second-degree burns are called partial thickness burns because they ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
16. a. Which layers of skin do third-degree burns damage? ___________________.
b. Third-degree burns are also known as ________________________ burns.
17. Burns are classified according to severity. Classify each of these burns as critical, moderate, or minor in terms of severity.
a. Second-degree burns covering 10 percent of an adult’s body surface.
____________________
b. Second-degree burns covering 15 to 30 percent of an adult’s body.
____________________
c. Third-degree burns covering more than 10 percent of an adult’s body.
____________________
18 What is dangerous about a burn that surrounds the neck? ___________________________________________________________________________
19. Why is a hot grease burn probably a full thickness (third degree burn)? ________________________________________________________________
20. A casualty has second-degree burns on his right arm (front and back), his right leg (front and back), and his chest. What is the total body surface area (TBSA) burned?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
21. Should you apply ointments, butter, creams, salves, or sprays on a second or third-degree burn? ____________ Why or why not? _______________________________________________________________
22. Why should bracelets and rings be removed from a burn patient?
________________________________________________________________
23. SITUATION: A casualty has sustained second- and third-degree burns on the back of his head, all of his back and buttocks area, and the back of both legs. He weighs 186 pounds. Determine the following:
a. Percent of TBSA burned. ____________
b. Body weight in kilograms (kg). ____________
c. Amount of fluid replacement needed for the first 24 hours. ____________
d. Amount of fluid to give him during the first 8 hours. ____________
e. Amount of fluid to give him during the second 8 hours. ____________
f. Amount of fluid to give him during the third 8 hours. ______________
24. SITUATION: A casualty has sustained second- and third-degree burns on his chest and abdomen and the front of both arms. He weighs 155 pounds.
Determine the following:
a. Percent of TBSA burned. ____________
b. Body weight in kilograms (kg). ____________
c. Amount of fluid replacement needed for the first 24 hours. ____________
d. Amount of fluid to give him during the first 8 hours. ____________
e. Amount of fluid to give him during the second 8 hours. ____________
f. Amount of fluid to give him during the third 8 hours. ______________
25. SITUATION: A casualty has sustained third-degree burns on his chest and the front and back of his head. He weighs 147 pounds. Determine the following:
a. Percent of TBSA burned. ____________
b. Body weight in kilograms (kg). ____________
c. Amount of fluid replacement needed for the first 24 hours. ____________
d. Amount of fluid to give him during the first 8 hours. ____________
e. Amount of fluid to give him during the second 8 hours. ____________
f. Amount of fluid to give him during the third 8 hours. ______________
26. Urine output for the first 24 hours after the burn should be no more than _____cc per hour. The exception is the patient with a(n) ___________________ burn.
27. Two advantages of using ______________________________ to treat burns is that it is pain-free and clear when applied to the burn area.
28. A disadvantage in using __________________________ is that it tends to make a casualty hyperventilate.
29. If a casualty weighs 145 pounds, he weighs _______________ kilograms.
30. Treatment on the burn area is silver nitrate dressings. Moisten the dressings every two hours to _______________________________________________
31. SITUATION: A casualty has sustained third-degree burns on the front of his left leg and the front of his left and right arms. He weighs 157 pounds. Determine the following:
a. Percent of TBSA burned. ____________
b. Body weight in kilograms (kg). ____________
c. Amount of fluid replacement needed for the first 24 hours. ____________
d. Amount of fluid to give him during the first 8 hours. ____________
e. Amount of fluid to give him during the second 8 hours. ____________
f. Amount of fluid to give him during the third 8 hours. ______________
Check Your Answers Below
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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 3
1. Source of the burn.
Degree of the burn.
Percentage of the body burned.
Location of the burn.
Complications accompanying the burn.
Age of the patient.
(para 3-2a through e)
2. Gasoline and other fuels igniting. (para 3-3b)
3. Chemical. (para 3-3d)
4. Cardiopulmonary arrest. (para 3-4d(4))
5. You are correct if you listed any four of the following:
Nerve damage
Severe pain along the nerve channels
Spinal cord lesions and injuries
Cardiac abnormalities
Rapid heartbeat for several weeks
Pulmonary infection
Death of muscle tissue
Delayed hemorrhage
Gastric or duodenal ulcers
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
Acute kidney failure
(para 3-4d(9)
6. Count the number of power lines at the crossarm of the next power pole. Then, the power lines at the cross arm of the pole damaged by the accident.
(para 3-4e(1)NOTE)
7. Separate the patient from the electric current source.
Quick assess his vital functions.
Begin emergency measures.
(para 3-4f)
8. Assume he has multiple injuries, including spinal cord injuries. (para 3-5a)
9. Remove all contaminated clothing. (para 3-6d(1))
10. Pneumonia. (para 3-7d(2))
11. Because it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. (para 3-7d(3)NOTE)
12. Protects against infection.
Protects body from water loss.
Regulates body temperature.
Sensory organ for touch, pain, temperature, & pressure perception.
(para 3-9)
13. The skin. (para 3-9)
14. a. The epidermis which is the outer layer of skin.
b. Mild partial thickness burns.
(para 3-10a)
15. Extend partially into the skin layers. Second-degree burns extend through the first skin layer (epidermis) and into, but not through, the second skin layer (the dermis). (para 3-10b)
16. a. The epidermis and the dermis.
b. Full thickness.
(para 3-10c)
17. a. Minor. (para 3-13a)
b. Moderate. (para 3-12b)
c. Critical. (para 3-11c)
18. This burn can cause airway obstruction. (para 3-14d)
19. Hot grease is hard to remove and cools slowly. The grease may cause extensive damage before anyone can remove it. (para 3-15b)
20. Right arm, front = 4.5%
Right arm, back = 4.5%
Right leg, front = 9%
Right leg, back = 9%
Chest = 9%
36% TBSA burned (para 3-16a)
21. No. These will just have to be scrubbed off later, irritating the skin and causing the patient pain. (para 3-17b, CAUTION)
22. Tissues will swell soon after the burn. (para 3-19f)
23. a. 40.5%.
b. 186 divided by 2.2 = 84.5 kg.
c. 4 cc times 84.5 times 40.5 = 13,689 cc.
d. 13,689 divided by 2 = 6,845 cc.
e. 13,689 divided by 4 = 3,422 cc.
f. 13,689 divided by 4 = 3,422 cc.
(para 3-21a, fig 3-9)
24. a. 27%.
b. 155 divided by 2.2 = 70.5 kg.
c. 4 cc times 70.5 times 27 = 7,614 cc.
d. 7,614 divided by 2 = 3,807 cc.
e. 7,614 divided by 4 = 1,904 cc.
f. 7,614 divided by 4 = 1,904 cc.
(para 3-21a, fig 3-9)
25. a. 18%
b. 147 divided by 2.2 = 66.8 kg.
c. 4 cc times 66.8 times 18 = 4,810 cc.
d. 4,810 divided by 2 = 2,405 cc.
e. 4,810 divided by 4 = 1,203 cc.
f. 4,810 divided by 4 = 1,203 cc.
(para 3-21a, fig 3-9)
26. 60
Electrical. (para 3-22)
27. Silver sulfadiazine. (para 3-24a)
28. Mafenide acetate. (para 3-25b)
29. 66.9 (fig 3-9 step 2)
30. Prevent the dressings from becoming dry. (para 3-26a)
31. a. 18%.
b. 158 divided by 2.2 = 71.8 kg.
c. 4 cc times 71.8 times 18 = 5170 cc.
d. 5170 divided by 2 = 2585 cc.
e. 5170 divided by 4 = 1293 cc.
f. 5170 divided by 4 = 1293 cc
(para 3-21a, fig 3-9)