Treating Fractures in the Field
Lesson 1: Fractures
and Related Injuries
Section III: Related Injuries
1-13
1-13. SPRAINS
A sprain results when the ligaments connecting two bones are stretched or torn. The other tissues that surround the joint may also be damaged. A sprain usually results when a joint is suddenly twisted beyond its normal range of motion. Skiing accidents often result in sprains. Sprains are most common in the knees and ankles. A sprain can result from a partial or temporary dislocation in which the bones resume their normal position following the injury. A sprain may produce as much damage as a dislocation.
a. Signs and Symptoms. A sprain does not cause a deformed appearance since the bones are not out of their normal positions. A sprain causes pain (tenderness), swelling, and discoloration (bruise) at the injured joint. The casualty may be unable to move the joint due to pain.
CAUTION: Do not ask the casualty to move the body part in order to test for inability
to move the joint.
b. Treatment. Treat the sprain as though it were a closed fracture.
(1) Immobilize the joint.
(2) Reduce swelling by elevating the joint and applying cold, if available.
NOTE: Apply cold during the first 24 hours following the injury. After this time, apply
warmth to the injured area.
