1-12

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1-12. DISLOCATIONS

A dislocation results when the end of a bone is moved from its normal articular position. The ligaments that hold the ends of the bones together may be torn. Other tissues surrounding the joint (the joint capsule) may also be injured (refer back to

figure 1-2). Joints frequently affected include the shoulder, elbow, fingers, hips, and ankles.

a. Signs and Symptoms. A dislocation results in a deformed appearance due to the bone being out of its normal position. A dislocation also causes pain and/or a feeling of pressure over the joint. The region around the joint usually swells and is tender. The casualty may not be able to move the joint (the joint is "locked"). If the end of the dislocated bone is pressing on a nerve or blood vessel, the casualty may experience numbness or paralysis distal to (below) the injury.

CAUTION: Do not ask the casualty to move the injured body part in order to test for

a locked joint or pain.

b. Treatment. Treat a dislocation as though it were a closed fracture.

(1) Immobilize the joint in the position in which the joint was found. Do not attempt to straighten or realign the bones.

 

(2) Reduce the swelling by elevating the joint and applying cold (a cold pack or ice compress, if available) to the joint for the first 24 hours after the musculoskeletal injury. After 24 hours, heat or warm soaks should be used to facilitate circulatory perfusion to the injured area.

 

(3) Check for pulse, strength, and sensation distal to the injury. If there is no pulse distal to the injury, attempt to restore blood circulation by gentle manipulation. If there is still no pulse, evacuate the casualty to a medical treatment facility as quickly as possible.

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