Category:
Description:
Indications:
-
Lower respiratory tract infections (S.
aureus, E. coli, H. influenzae, H.
parainfluenzae, Klebsiella species,
Enterobacter species,
Acetinobacter species,
Serratia species)
-
Urinary tract infections (Enterococcus faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus
vulgaris, Enterobacter species, Providencia
rettgeri, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
-
Intra-abdominal infections (E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus species,
Enterobacter species,
Klebsiella species,
Bacteroides species, Proteus
species, M. mogranii, P. aeruginosa, Citrobacter species, Peptococcus
species, Peptostreptococcus
species, Bacteroides species,
Fusobacterium species, Eubacterium
species, Propionibacterium species,
Bifidobacterium species)
-
Gynecological infections (E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, E.
coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus
species, Enterobacter species,
Bifidobacterium species, Bacteroides
species, Gardnerella
vaginalis, , Peptococcus
species, Peptostreptococcus
species, Propionibacterium species)
-
Bacterial septicemia (E. faecalis, S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella species, P.
aeruginosa, Serratia species, Enterobacter
species, Bacteroides species)
-
Bone and joint infections (E. faecalis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterobacter species, P.
aeruginosa)
-
Skin infections (E.
faecalis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter
species, P. vulgaris, P.
rettgeri, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa, Serratia species, Citrobacter
species, Peptococcus
species, Peptostreptococcus species,
Acinetobacter species, Fusobacterium species, Bacteroides
species)
-
Endocarditis (S.
aureus)
-
Polymicrobic infections (S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa)
Contraindications:
Precautions:
-
Pregnancy
category C
-
Use
with caution in patients with PCN or cephalosporin allergy (5-10%
chance of cross-reactivity)
-
Use
in caution with patients having CNS disorders (brain lesions, seizure
history) due to increased risk of CNS side effects (see below).
-
Use
alternate form of birth control (disrupts absorption of oral
contraceptives and renders them inactive)
-
Dosage
modifications are generally only required in patients with severe
renal impairment
-
IM
injection dosages over 1500mg per day are not recommended
Adverse
Reactions (Side Effects):
-
CNS:
fever (0.5%), seizures (0.4%), dizziness, somnolence, tremor,
confusion, headache, hallucinations
-
Dermatological:
rash, pruritis, urticaria
-
Gastrointestinal:
nausea (2%), diarrhea, vomiting
-
Local
pain at injection site
-
Hearing
loss, tinnitis, taste changes
-
Pediatric
patients: diarrhea (4%), phlebitis (2.2%)
-
Newborns
to 3 months: convulsions (6%), diarrhea (3%)
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Dosage:
Administered
by IM or IV injection over 40-60 minutes for >500mg/dose, over 15-30
minutes for <500mg/dose
-
Adult
(> 60kg):
-
mild
infection: 250-500mg q6h (totally daily dose 2 grams)
-
moderate
infections: 500mg q6-8h (total daily dose 2-3 grams)
-
severe
infections: 500mg q6h (total daily dose 3-4 grams)
-
uncomplicated
UTI: 250mg q6h (totally daily dose 1 gram)
-
complicated
UTI: 500mg q6h (total daily dose 2 grams)
-
Pediatric
(>3 months):
-
Pediatric
(<3 months):
-
<1
week: 25mg/kg q12h
-
1-4
weeks: 25mg/kg q8h
-
1-3
months: 25mg q6h
-
Child
(< 60kg):
|
The information contained here is an abbreviated summary. For more detailed
and complete information, consult the manufacturer's product information sheets
or standard textbooks. Source:
Operational Medicine 2001, Health
Care in Military Settings, NAVMED P-5139, May 1, 2001, Bureau
of Medicine and Surgery, Department
of the Navy, 2300 E Street NW, Washington, D.C., 20372-5300
OB-GYN 101:
Introductory Obstetrics & Gynecology
© 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008
Medical Education Division,
Brookside Associates, Ltd.
All rights reserved
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