EXERCISES, LESSON 2

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that best answers the question, by completing the incomplete statement, or by writing the answer in the space provided at the end of the question.

After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to “Solutions to Exercises” at the end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly, reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. The central nervous system is composed of the _________and the _________ .

2. There are pairs of cranial nerves which exit from the _________.

3. There are pairs of spinal nerves which exit from the _________.

4. The protective membrane covering is composed of three layers called the __________ , ___________ , and _________ .

5. Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ______ , ____________ , and ________________ .

6. The part of the brain concerned with coordination of impulses to voluntary muscles is the __________________ .

7. The ________________ contains nerve centers for vital functions such as cardiac and respiratory function.

8. Personality, intellectual functioning, and creative thinking are functions of the ____________ of the cerebrum.

9. Stereogenesis and discrimination of fine touch are functions of the __________________ lobe.

10. The ____________ lobe receives and interprets visual stimuli.

11. The brain and spinal cord together are referred to as the _______ .

12. “Gray matter” is actually _________ .

13. Each spinal nerve has ____ and _____ roots.

14. An afferent neuron carries ____ information from the ___________ to the___________  .

15. An automatic reaction to a stimulus is called a ___________  .

16. In a reflex arc, the afferent neuron synapses with the , which in turn synapses with the ___________  .

17. Constriction of the pupils, gastrointestinal motility, and dilation of blood vessels are functions of the ___________ .

18. The two divisions of the ANS are the ___________ and the ___________ .

19. The interplay of the two divisions of the ANS maintains ___________ .

20. Under conditions of stress, the ___________ dominates the body and creates the response.

21. When assessing mental status, asking the patient to perform ___________  calculations is a method of testing .

22. When assessing mental status, questioning a patient about what he ate for ___________ .

23. A procedure used to determine the pressure of CSF or to relieve intracranial pressure is the___________  .

24. When caring for the unconscious patient, always assume that the patient can___________  , even though he makes no response.

25. When an unconscious patient must be left unattended, the best position in which to place the patient to maintain an open airway is the ___________ .

26. A disorder of the nervous system that affects peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots is called___________  .

27. Elevation of the blood pressure with a widening pulse pressure, pupillary changes, and headache are symptomatic of___________  .

28. When caring for a patient with increased intracranial pressure, the head of the bed should be ___________ .

29. Priapism is a sign of ___________ .

30. A patient who displays signs and symptoms including hemiplegia, expressive aphasia, elevated blood pressure, and altered levels of consciousness has most likely experienced a___________  .

31. A seizure that is characterized by preictal, tonic-clonic, and postictal phases is called ___________ .

32. A sensation of weakness, odor, or sound that precedes a seizure is called___________  .

33. A chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system, characterized by destruction of myelin is called ___________ .

34. The eyes of an unconscious patient may become irritated, infected, or damageddue to the absence of the ___________ and___________  .

35. “White matter” is actually___________  .

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SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES, LESSON 2

1. Brain; spinal cord (para 2-1a(1))

2. 12; Brainstem (para 2-5b(1))

3. 31; Spinal cord (para 2-5b(2))

4. Dura mater; Arachnoid mater; Pia mater (para 2-2)

5. Ventricles of the brain (para 2-2d(2))

Subarachnoid space (para 2-2d(2))

Central canal of the spinal cord (para 2-4e)

6. Cerebellum (para 2-3b(3))

7. Medulla (para 2-3a(3)(b))

8. Frontal lobe (para 2-3c(1))

9. Parietal (para 2-3c(2))

10. Occipital (para 2-3c(4))

11. Neuraxis (para 2-4a)

12. Cell bodies of neurons (para 2-3b(1), 2-3c, 2-4c)

13. Anterior (motor); Posterior (sensory) (para 2-2b(1))

14. Sensory; periphery; CNS (para 2-2c(1))

15. Reflex (para 2-9)

16. Internuncial neuron; Efferent neuron (para 2-9)

17. ANS (autonomic nervous system) (para 2-10a)

18. Sympathetic nervous system (thoraco-lumbar outflow); (para 2-10d)

Parasympathetic nervous system (cranio-sacral outflow) (para 2-10d)

19. Homeostasis (equilibrium) (para 2-10e)

20. Sympathetic nervous system; fight or flight (para 2-10e(1))

21. Cognition (para 2-13d)

22. Short-term memory (recent recall) (para 2-13c)

23. Lumbar puncture (para 2-18a,b)

24. Hear (para 2-22c)

25. The coma position (para 2-23a(1)(2))

26. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (or infectious polyneuritis) (para 2-32a)

27. Increased intracranial pressure (para 2-40b(2)(4)(5))

28. Elevated (para 2-40c(4))

29. Spinal cord injury (para 2-41b(7))

30. Cerebral vascular accident (para 2-42d(2)(3)(8)

31. Grand mal (para 2-43b)

32. An aura (para 2-43b)

33. Multiple sclerosis (para 2-33a)

34. Blink reflex; tearing (para 2-25e)

35. Myelin covered processes of neurons (para 2-3b(2), 2-3c, 2-4f)