{"id":142,"date":"2020-08-12T21:11:51","date_gmt":"2020-08-12T21:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/basic_obgyn\/?page_id=142"},"modified":"2021-05-05T22:47:21","modified_gmt":"2021-05-05T22:47:21","slug":"3-pap-test-and-dna-probes-and-cultures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/overview\/3-pap-test-and-dna-probes-and-cultures\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Pap Test and DNA Probes and Cultures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UwyzCg57dlA\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Duration = 4:19<\/p>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e9c8f6997c95052731436' value='69e9c8f6997c95052731436'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e9c8f6997c95052731436' value='Show Transcript'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e9c8f6997c95052731436' value='Hide Transcript'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e9c8f6997c95052731436' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button  '   style=\" color:#ffffff;\">Show Transcript<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e9c8f6997c95052731436' ><\/p>\n<p>00:00<br \/>\nAPGO educational topic number three pap<br \/>\n00:02<br \/>\nsmear and DNA probes and culture<br \/>\n00:04<br \/>\nworldwide cervical cancer is the fifth<br \/>\n00:07<br \/>\nleading cause of cancer and the fourth<br \/>\n00:09<br \/>\nleading cause of cancer deaths among<br \/>\n00:10<br \/>\nwomen in the United States the incidence<br \/>\n00:12<br \/>\nof cervical cancer has decreased by 50<br \/>\n00:15<br \/>\npercent over the last thirty years due<br \/>\n00:16<br \/>\nto increased technology and availability<br \/>\n00:18<br \/>\nof cervical cancer screening the Pap<br \/>\n00:20<br \/>\ntest is one of the most effective<br \/>\n00:21<br \/>\nscreening tests used in medicine today<br \/>\n00:23<br \/>\nthe objectives of this video are to<br \/>\n00:25<br \/>\ndescribe how to perform a pap smear or<br \/>\n00:27<br \/>\nPap test describe how to obtain<br \/>\n00:29<br \/>\nspecimens to test for sexually<br \/>\n00:30<br \/>\ntransmitted diseases and lastly to be<br \/>\n00:33<br \/>\nable to explain the purpose of these<br \/>\n00:34<br \/>\ntests to patients the pap smear or Pap<br \/>\n00:37<br \/>\ntest is named after dr. Georges<br \/>\n00:38<br \/>\nPapanicolaou a Greek physician and<br \/>\n00:40<br \/>\npsychologist who discovered that cancer<br \/>\n00:42<br \/>\ncould be diagnosed from microscopic cell<br \/>\n00:44<br \/>\nchanges his image was featured here on<br \/>\n00:46<br \/>\nthe Greek currency let&#8217;s spend a day in<br \/>\n00:49<br \/>\nclinic with our gynecologist dr. tess<br \/>\n00:51<br \/>\nTia de papi<br \/>\n00:51<br \/>\ndr. Pappy is performing a pelvic<br \/>\n00:54<br \/>\nexamination on a patient and here is the<br \/>\n00:55<br \/>\npatient cervix<br \/>\n00:56<br \/>\ndr. poppy will use the endocervical<br \/>\n00:59<br \/>\nbrush and gynecologic spatula to obtain<br \/>\n01:02<br \/>\ncells from the transformation zone of<br \/>\n01:04<br \/>\nthe cervix there are two different<br \/>\n01:06<br \/>\ntechniques for pap processing if liquid<br \/>\n01:08<br \/>\ncytology techniques are used the cells<br \/>\n01:10<br \/>\nwill be collected in a liquid<br \/>\n01:12<br \/>\npreservative if conventional methods are<br \/>\n01:14<br \/>\nused the cells will be transferred<br \/>\n01:15<br \/>\ndirectly to a slide thus all samples<br \/>\n01:18<br \/>\nwill be stained in a laboratory and read<br \/>\n01:19<br \/>\nby a pathologist for changes associated<br \/>\n01:21<br \/>\nwith cervical dysplasia or cervical<br \/>\n01:23<br \/>\ncancer contaminating blood discharge and<br \/>\n01:26<br \/>\nlubrication could interfere with<br \/>\n01:27<br \/>\nspecimen interpretation if water-based<br \/>\n01:30<br \/>\nlubrication is used during the speculum<br \/>\n01:32<br \/>\nexamination it is important to minimize<br \/>\n01:33<br \/>\nthe amount of contact the lubricant has<br \/>\n01:35<br \/>\nwith the cervix an advantage of liquid<br \/>\n01:38<br \/>\nbased testing that the same sample can<br \/>\n01:39<br \/>\nbe used for the Pap test HPV PCR and<br \/>\n01:42<br \/>\ngonorrhea and chlamydia testing although<br \/>\n01:44<br \/>\ngonorrhea and chlamydia testing can be<br \/>\n01:46<br \/>\nperformed from the liquid cytology the<br \/>\n01:48<br \/>\nfirst-line test is nucleic acid<br \/>\n01:50<br \/>\namplification testing this is a separate<br \/>\n01:52<br \/>\nswab of the endo cervix if a patient is<br \/>\n01:55<br \/>\nnot having a pelvic examination<br \/>\n01:56<br \/>\nperformed then the nucleic acid<br \/>\n01:58<br \/>\namplification tests can be performed<br \/>\n01:59<br \/>\nfrom a urine sample of note this is not<br \/>\n02:02<br \/>\na clean cat urine but rather a first<br \/>\n02:04<br \/>\ncatch urine sample<br \/>\n02:05<br \/>\nso which patients should get tested when<br \/>\n02:08<br \/>\nand for what let&#8217;s review some case<br \/>\n02:10<br \/>\nfiles from a day in clinic with dr.<br \/>\n02:11<br \/>\npoppy<br \/>\n02:12<br \/>\nour first<br \/>\n02:13<br \/>\npatient is I don&#8217;t Anita a<br \/>\n02:15<br \/>\nnineteen-year-old gravity zero here for<br \/>\n02:17<br \/>\nher first gynecologic visit I am 19<br \/>\n02:19<br \/>\nyears old and have been sexually active<br \/>\n02:21<br \/>\nsince age 16 i don&#8217;t&#8211;i will not need a<br \/>\n02:24<br \/>\nPap test until age 21 regardless of when<br \/>\n02:27<br \/>\nshe first became sexually active it is<br \/>\n02:29<br \/>\nimportant to discuss contraception and<br \/>\n02:31<br \/>\nto screen for sexually transmitted<br \/>\n02:32<br \/>\ninfections women under age 25 should<br \/>\n02:35<br \/>\nhave gonorrhea and chlamydia testing at<br \/>\n02:36<br \/>\nleast once a year the human<br \/>\n02:38<br \/>\npapillomavirus or HPV is commonly<br \/>\n02:40<br \/>\ncontracted by women shortly after<br \/>\n02:42<br \/>\ninitiation of sexual intercourse in most<br \/>\n02:44<br \/>\nwomen the infection is transient and<br \/>\n02:46<br \/>\ndoes not progress to cervical cancer we<br \/>\n02:48<br \/>\ndo not screen for HPV in women under the<br \/>\n02:51<br \/>\nage of 30 because of those two reasons<br \/>\n02:52<br \/>\nand in order to decrease unnecessary<br \/>\n02:54<br \/>\ninterventions our second patient is just<br \/>\n02:57<br \/>\na 1 a 25 year old gravity&#8217; one pair one<br \/>\n02:59<br \/>\nhere for her annual examination I had a<br \/>\n03:01<br \/>\nnormal cap test three years ago during<br \/>\n03:04<br \/>\nmy pregnancy women ages 21 to 30 should<br \/>\n03:07<br \/>\nhave a Pap test with cytology only every<br \/>\n03:09<br \/>\nthree years since her last Pap test was<br \/>\n03:11<br \/>\nthree years ago she is due for one today<br \/>\n03:13<br \/>\nour next patient is HPV two a 50 year<br \/>\n03:16<br \/>\nold gravity&#8217; 2 para 1 coming in for an<br \/>\n03:18<br \/>\nannual examination I have had normal Pap<br \/>\n03:21<br \/>\ntests my whole life women between the<br \/>\n03:23<br \/>\nages of 30 and 65 should have a Pap test<br \/>\n03:25<br \/>\nwith HPV Co testing every 5 years or a<br \/>\n03:28<br \/>\nPap test with cytology alone every 3<br \/>\n03:30<br \/>\nyears remember that even though the Pap<br \/>\n03:32<br \/>\ntest is no longer an annual examination<br \/>\n03:34<br \/>\nit is still important to regularly<br \/>\n03:36<br \/>\nperform a bimanual examination and<br \/>\n03:37<br \/>\nvisual examination of the external<br \/>\n03:39<br \/>\ngenitalia regularly our last patient is<br \/>\n03:42<br \/>\nno need a pap a 68 year-old gravity&#8217; 2<br \/>\n03:44<br \/>\npara 2 here for her annual examination i<br \/>\n03:47<br \/>\nhad a hysterectomy and have no history<br \/>\n03:49<br \/>\nof abnormal pap tests women over the age<br \/>\n03:52<br \/>\nof 65 or women who&#8217;ve had a total<br \/>\n03:54<br \/>\nhysterectomy no longer need cervical<br \/>\n03:56<br \/>\ncancer screening and will not need Pap<br \/>\n03:58<br \/>\ntests and\/or HPV this concludes the<br \/>\n04:00<br \/>\naapko video on pap smears and DNA probes<br \/>\n04:02<br \/>\nwe&#8217;ve discussed the function of the Pap<br \/>\n04:04<br \/>\ntest<br \/>\n04:04<br \/>\ngeneral testing guidelines and methods<br \/>\n04:06<br \/>\nfor obtaining samples<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<hr>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Duration = 4:19<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-142","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2762,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/142\/revisions\/2762"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}