{"id":123,"date":"2020-08-12T20:27:04","date_gmt":"2020-08-12T20:27:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/basic_obgyn\/?page_id=123"},"modified":"2021-05-05T22:48:30","modified_gmt":"2021-05-05T22:48:30","slug":"8-maternal-fetal-physiology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/overview\/8-maternal-fetal-physiology\/","title":{"rendered":"8. Maternal-Fetal Physiology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/0jzWHZvUk6g\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Duration = 10:18<\/p>\n<input type='hidden' bg_collapse_expand='69e9b552441074007551708' value='69e9b552441074007551708'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-more-text-69e9b552441074007551708' value='Show Transcript'><input type='hidden' id='bg-show-less-text-69e9b552441074007551708' value='Close Transcript'><button id='bg-showmore-action-69e9b552441074007551708' class='bg-showmore-plg-button bg-blue-button  '   style=\" color:#fcf7f7;\">Show Transcript<\/button><div id='bg-showmore-hidden-69e9b552441074007551708' ><\/p>\n<div id=\"panels\" class=\"style-scope ytd-watch-flexy\">\n<div id=\"content\" class=\"style-scope ytd-engagement-panel-section-list-renderer\">\n<div id=\"body\" class=\"style-scope ytd-transcript-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:00<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">at co-educational topic number 8<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">maternal fetal physiology this is the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">story of Peggy preggers and the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:06<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">physiologic changes that occur in her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:08<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">body throughout her pregnancy a lot<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:10<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">happens to the female body in order to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:12<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">create a new human being the objectives<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:15<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">of this video to discuss the maternal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer active\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:16<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer active\" role=\"button\">physiologic and anatomic changes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:18<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">associated with pregnancy describe fetal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:21<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">and placental physiology and lastly<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:23<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">interpret common diagnostic studies<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:25<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">during pregnancy there are a lot of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:27<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">changes that occur in each of the three<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:29<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">trimesters of pregnancy remember that we<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:31<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">use menstrual dating when calculating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:33<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the weeks here is our trusty pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:34<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">wheel and from the first day of her last<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:37<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">menstrual period we calculate the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:38<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">estimated date of delivery or EDD as 40<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:41<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">weeks after the LMP so the first<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:44<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">trimester is approximately zero to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:45<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">thirteen weeks the second trimester is<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:47<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">approximately 14 or 27 weeks and the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:49<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">third trimester is approximately 28 to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:51<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">40 weeks we will discuss changes in the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:53<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnant body by system and how these<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:55<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">changes occur in the three different try<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:56<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">Buster&#8217;s there are changes in thyroid<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">00:58<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">regulation during pregnancy remember<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">that beta HCG levels peak at a hundred<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">thousand around ten weeks and then come<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:07<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">down to about ten thousand at term beta<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:12<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">HCG has thyrotropin like activity and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:14<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">this stimulates maternal thyroxine or t4<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:17<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">secretion and thus produces a transient<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:19<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">rise in free t4 levels in the first<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:21<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">trimester as beta HCG levels decline<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:24<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">free t4 levels decline to normal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:26<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">concentrations rising levels of estrogen<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:28<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">and pregnancy caused an increase in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:30<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">thyroxine binding globulin which results<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:32<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">in increased levels of total t4 and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:34<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">total t3 but levels of free t4 and free<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:38<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">t3 are unchanged from the normal range<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:40<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">let&#8217;s now move to the GI system here is<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:43<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">Peggy in her first trimester with her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:45<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">small developing pregnancy and her<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:47<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">corpus luteum is making large volumes of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:49<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">progesterone as the pregnancy progresses<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:51<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">past the first trimester the placenta<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:53<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">will take over as the main source of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:55<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">progesterone production progesterone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:57<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">relaxes smooth muscles throughout the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">01:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">body and in the GI system the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:00<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">progesterone will relax the lower<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:02<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">esophageal sphincter tone which can<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">result in gastroesophageal reflux<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:06<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">disease or GERD progesterone also<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:08<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">reduces gallbladder contractility which<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:10<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">leads to an increased prevalence of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:12<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">gallstone<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:13<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">progesterone also decreases GI motility<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:16<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">which can cause constipation in the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:18<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">first trimester many women experience<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:20<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">nausea and vomiting<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:21<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the term morning sickness is not very<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:23<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">accurate for many women experience it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:25<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">throughout the day approximately fifty<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:26<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">to ninety percent of women experience<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:28<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">nausea and vomiting in the first<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:29<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">trimester the cause is unknown but is<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:31<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">thought to be related to elevated levels<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:33<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">of progesterone and beta HCG severe<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:36<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">nausea and vomiting and pregnancy is<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:38<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">referred to as hyperemesis gravidarum<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:39<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">and can result in significant weight<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:41<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">loss Keeton emia and electrolyte<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:43<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">imbalance in the second trimester as the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:46<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">beta HCG levels decline nausea and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:48<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">vomiting tends to improve and for most<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:50<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">women it is abated by about 14 to 16<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:52<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">weeks as the uterus grows throughout the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:54<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">second and third trimester the stomach<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:56<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">is physically displaced upwards by the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">02:58<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">growing uterus and this also contributes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:00<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">to GERD during pregnancy let&#8217;s move now<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:03<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">to the cardiovascular system the female<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:05<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">body essentially needs more volume to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:07<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">support the growing pregnancy the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:09<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">circulating blood volume begins<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:10<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">increasing by week six eight and reaches<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:12<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">a peak increase of forty-five percent by<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:15<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">32 weeks the heart essentially needs to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:18<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">work harder during pregnancy cardiac<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:20<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">output increases by 30 to 50 percent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:22<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">with 50 percent of that increase<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:24<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">occurring by eight weeks<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:25<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">remember that cardiac output equals<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:28<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">heart rate times stroke volume in the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:31<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">first half of pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:32<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cardiac output increases are secondary<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:34<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">to increase stroke volume in the second<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:37<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">half of pregnancy cardiac output<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:39<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">increases are secondary to increased<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:40<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">heart rate there is a decrease in blood<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:43<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pressure during pregnancy secondary to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:44<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">progesterone smooth muscle relaxing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:46<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">effects and increase production of azo<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:48<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">dilatory substances from the growing<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:50<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">placenta supine postural hypotension<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:52<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">syndrome refers to the hypotension that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:55<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnant women experience when laying<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:56<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">flat on their backs late in pregnancy as<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">03:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the uterus grows it can impede the vena<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cava<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">when a woman is supine this is why we<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:03<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">advise women not to lay flat on their<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:05<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">backs while sleeping and instead<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:07<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">recommend sleeping with a left tilt or<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:09<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">on their side and remember as a uterus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:12<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">grows it gets more of cardiac output so<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:14<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">by the end of pregnancy it gets 20% of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:16<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cardiac output as opposed to 2% of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:18<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cardiac output in the first trimester<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:20<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">moving on to the respiratory system<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:23<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">oxygen consumption increases during<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:25<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:26<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">minute ventilation which is defined as<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:29<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the volume of air that is taken in every<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:30<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">minute increases by 30 to 40 percent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:33<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">this increase in ventilation results in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:35<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">increased production of co2 which<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:37<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">results in a reduction of arterial pco2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:39<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">or a development of a respiratory<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:41<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">alkalosis this is balanced by the kidney<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:45<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">excreting more bicarbonate which yields<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:47<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the lower bicarbonate levels seen in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:49<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnancy an arterial blood gas in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:51<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnancy will show a compensated<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:53<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">respiratory alkalosis with a normal pH<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:55<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the maternal thorax undergoes several<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:57<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">morphological changes during pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">04:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the diaphragm is elevated and impressive<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:02<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">four centimeters by late pregnancy due<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">to the gravity uterus in addition the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:06<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">sub costal angle widens as the chest<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:08<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">diameter and circumference increased<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:10<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">slightly moving on to the hematologic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:13<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">system remember that the circulating<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:14<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">volume increases by 45 to 50 percent by<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:17<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the third trimester of pregnancy the red<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:19<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cell volume also increases although to a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:21<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">lesser extent than the plasma volume the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:24<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">maternal blood volume increases by 35%<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:27<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">at term this creates a physiologic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:29<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">anemia at term the average hemoglobin<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:32<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">concentration is 12.5 compared to 14 in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:35<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the non pregnant State supplemental iron<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:37<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">during pregnancy is thus intended to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:39<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">prevent further iron deficiency the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:41<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">concentration of different clotting<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:43<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">factors change during pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:45<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">fibrinogen levels increased by 50%<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:47<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">protein C and protein s levels decrease<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:50<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">and the risk of thromboembolism doubles<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:52<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">during pregnancy and increases to 5.5<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:54<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">times the normal risk during the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:56<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">immediate postpartum time how do all of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">05:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">these changes manifest on examination of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pecky preggers first expect to see low<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">blood pressures blood pressure start to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:06<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">decline by week 7 and reach a maximal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:08<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">decline by weeks 24 to 26 weeks it is<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:11<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">also common to see distended neck veins<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:13<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">from the increased volume of pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:15<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnant women often also have a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:17<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">low-grade systolic ejection murmur<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:18<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">secondary to increase flow across the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:20<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">aortic and pulmonic valves note a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:23<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">diastolic murmur is not normal in<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:25<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pregnancy and should be evaluated let&#8217;s<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:27<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">now switch gears and discuss fetal and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:29<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">placental physiology here is a<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:31<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cross-section of the umbilical cord with<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:33<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">two umbilical arteries and one umbilical<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:35<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">vein<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:36<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">remember that blood flows from the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:38<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">umbilical vein<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:39<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">to the fetus and then from the fetus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:42<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">through the two umbilical arteries so<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:48<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">blood flows from the umbilical vein to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:50<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the portal system and here 50% of the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:54<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">blood goes to the right lobe of the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:57<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">liver and 50% of the blood goes through<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">06:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">this first shunt to pregnancy called the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">ductus venosus into the inferior vena<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cava<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:05<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">here&#8217;s blood going through the ductus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:08<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">venosus into the inferior vena cava<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:10<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">there the blood travels to the right<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:13<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">atrium so here is the heart with the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:17<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">right atrium the right ventricle the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:21<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">left atrium and the left ventricle the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:25<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">second shunt of pregnancy is the foramen<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:27<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">ovale and some of the blood will go from<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:30<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the right atrium to the left atrium to<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:32<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">the left ventricle and then into the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:36<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">aorta some blood goes from the right<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:41<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">atrium to the right ventricle and then<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:45<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">into the pulmonary arteries the third<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:52<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">shunt of pregnancy is the ductus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:54<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">arteriosus so blood will go from the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:57<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">pulmonary arteries through this ductus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">07:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">arteriosus into the aorta the blood then<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">goes from the aorta down to the common<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:08<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">le X and then from the common iliac<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:12<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">there are the internal iliac s&#8211; which<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:15<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">then branch to the umbilical arteries<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:17<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">back to the placenta so remember that it<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:21<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">is oxygenated blood that flows from the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:23<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">umbilical vein I&#8217;m going to represent<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:26<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">this in red it goes from the umbilical<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:29<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">vein through the first shunt of the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:31<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">ductus venosus up through the second<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:34<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">shunt of the foramen ovale and then<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:36<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">through the third shunt of the ductus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:38<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">arteriosus I&#8217;m gonna represent the blood<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:40<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">flow now in purple to represent that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:42<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">it&#8217;s mixing with the oxygenated blood<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:44<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">and at the end of the circuit I&#8217;ll<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:47<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">change to blue to represent the fully<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:49<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">deoxygenated blood what happens in the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:51<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">placenta<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:52<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">here&#8217;s the umbilical cord and then here<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:55<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">is the placenta the placenta is a unique<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">08:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">organ of pregnancy for it is partially<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:01<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">fetal and partially maternal we&#8217;ll call<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">this top part the fetal portion and the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:06<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">bottom portion the maternal portion the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:09<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">simplest way to think about this system<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:11<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">is that the placenta has pools of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:13<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">maternal blood so here are the pools of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:16<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">maternal blood and the fetus inserts its<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:23<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">capillaries into these pools of maternal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:27<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">blood trophoblastic cells help with this<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:32<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">invasion process it is at these sites of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:36<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">intersection of fetal and maternal<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:38<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">tissues that oxygen and excretion of co2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:41<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">cross the placenta by simple diffusion<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:43<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">glucose and amino acids are other<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:45<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">solutes that are transferred from the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:47<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">mother to the fetus at these sites thus<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:50<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">we conclude the video about Peggy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:52<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">preggers and the amazing changes that<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:54<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">occur throughout the three trimesters of<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:55<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">her pregnancy we have discussed the<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:57<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">maternal physiologic and anatomic<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">09:59<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">changes associated with pregnancy<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">10:00<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">The Associated physical exam and<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">10:02<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">diagnostic study changes during this<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">10:04<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">time as well as fetal and placental<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cue-group style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue-group-start-offset style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">10:06<\/div>\n<div class=\"cues style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\">\n<div class=\"cue style-scope ytd-transcript-body-renderer\" role=\"button\">physiology<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"footer\" class=\"style-scope ytd-transcript-renderer\">\n<div id=\"menu\" class=\"style-scope ytd-transcript-footer-renderer\">\n<div id=\"trigger\" class=\"style-scope paper-menu-button\">\n<div id=\"label-text\" class=\"style-scope yt-dropdown-menu\">English (auto-generated)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"donation-shelf\" class=\"style-scope ytd-watch-flexy\"><\/div>\n<p><\/div>\n<hr>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Duration = 10:18<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-123","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2765,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/123\/revisions\/2765"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brooksidepress.org\/pa_obgyn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}