Blood, Electrolytes, and Intravenous Infusions

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that best answers the exercise, by completing the incomplete statement, or by writing the answer in the space provided at the end of the exercise. After you have completed all the exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at the end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly, reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. As man grows from infancy to adulthood, the proportion of water to his total

weight:

a. Grows greater.

b. Decreases.

c. Remains unchanged.

2. Which of the following routes of fluid output from the body is most subject to

fluctuation?

a. Lungs.

b. Intestines.

c. Skin.

d. Kidneys.

3. The body fluid that transports food within the cells is:

a. Intravascular.

b. Intracellular.

c. Extracellular.

4. The uses of body water:

a. Are limited by its body location.

b. Are limited by capillary tissues.

c. Change constantly, from one use to another.

d. Depend on the person's ethnic origin.

5. Electrolytes are substances that are:

a. Catalysts.

b. Organ regulators.

c. Never lost from the body.

d. Found in body fluids.

6. Because of their ion state, electrolytes can:

a. Combine to form a compound.

b. Change from cation to anion.

c. Carry oxygen.

d. Lose their strength.

7. The most abundant electrolyte in intracellular fluid is:

a. Potassium.

b. Sodium.

c. Chloride.

d. Magnesium.

8. The two prime considerations when ordering replacement electrolytes are:

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9. The acid-base balance of the blood refers to:

a. The person's ability to walk without falling.

b. The amount of alcohol in the blood.

c. The amounts of alkaline and acid in the blood.

d. The tendency of the blood to form thrombosus.

10. Intravenous injection of an isotonic solution causes the body's cells to:

a. Shrink.

b. Expand.

c. Remain the same.

d. Depend on the electrolytes in the solution.

 

11. The process that causes a solvent to move across a semi-permeable membranefrom a location where a solute is less concentrated to a location where the soluteis more concentrated is called:

a. Diffusion.

b. Random.

c. Hypertonics.

d. Osmosis.

12. Which of the following statements is NOT true of crystalloid solutions?

a. Crystalloid solutions are stored at room temperature.

b. Crystalloid solutions contain large molecules.

c. Crystalloid solutions are a source of electrolytes.

d. Crystalloid solutions sometimes function as a temporary source of fluidvolume.

13. Loss of water vapor through respirations is usually apparent to a normal person:

a. At all times.

b. Never.

c. On a hot day.

d. On a cold day.

14. Fluid loss is generally quite apparent to the person, if it is caused by:

a. Normal perspiration.

b. Feces.

c. Respiration.

d. Abnormal means.

15. Psychological problems are not as apparent if a person's electrolyte balance can be restored by:

a. Intravenous infusion.

b. Exercise.

c. A bland diet.

d. The oral route.

16. An enzyme is a catalyst because it:

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17. Hormones are generated by a group of glands called:

a. Endogenous.

b. Hemostasis.

c. Endocrine.

d. Insulin.