a. Perform a brief, general head-to-toe visual inspection of the patient.

Are height and weight within normal range for the patient’s age and body type?

b. Observe the skin for the following:

(1) Color (pale, gray, ruddy, jaundiced).

(2) Bruises.

(3) Rashes.

(4) Lesions.

(5) Turgor and moisture content.

(6) Edema.

c. Examine the mouth and throat.

(1) Look at the lips, tongue, and mucous membranes, noting abnormalities such as cuts, sores, or discoloration’s.

(2) Observe the condition of the teeth. Note any discolored, cracked, chipped, loose, or missing teeth.

(3) Observe the gums. Are they healthy and pink? Note the patient’s breath for unusual odors (fruity, foul, alcohol, and so forth).