INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions by providing the lettered response that best answers the question, by completing the incomplete statement, or by indicating the answer in the space provided at the end of the question.

After you have completed all of these exercises, scroll down the page and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly, reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. The primary function of the urinary system is __________________.

2. The renal cortex contains millions of _______________________.

3. Along the edges of the renal pelvis are cup-like projections called the ______________ and ________________.

4. Urine is passed through each ureter by ______________________.

5. The male urethra is how long? _________________________.

6. The female urethra is how long? _______________________.

7. Water and organic molecules are filtered from the blood in the _________________________.

8. Water and usable chemicals are reabsorbed into the blood in the ____________________________.

9. Normal urine is composed of ________________ and _______________.

10. The passage of a small amount of urine in a given period of time is called ____________________.

11. Anuria is considered to be the passage of _____ ml of urine in a 24-hour period.

12. The presence of blood in the urine is called __________________.

13. When collecting a clean-catch urine specimen, cleansing the urinary meatus is necessary because ____________________.

14. Once the first urine specimen has been placed in the 24-hour collection container, you must________________________.

15. A KUB is an X-ray of the _______________, _______________ and _______________.

16. List 4 reasons for insertion of a catheter.

a. _______________

b. _______________

c. _______________

d. _______________

17. Why must a catheter be lubricated prior to insertion? ____________________________________________________________

18. When inserting a retention catheter, you must inspect the catheter, _______________________________________ , and connect the catheter to the drainage system, before insertion.

19. When is it acceptable to collect a urine specimen from the urine drainage bag? _______________________________________________________

.20. Where should the retention catheter for a male patient be taped? ______________________________________

21. In most urinary tract infections, bacteria enters through _________________________.

22. Cystitis is more common in females because _________________________________.

23. Why are fluids encouraged in-patients with a urinary tract infection? _______________________________________________

24. Infection of the renal pelvis, tubules, or interstitial tissue is called ____________________________________.

25. Urinary stasis, infections, and dehydration may precipitate ____________________________________.

26. Why should dietary protein be restricted in-patients with renal disease? __________________________________________________

27. The sudden loss of kidney function is called ____________________________________.

28. The basis of care in managing a patient with chronic renal failure is to _______________________ and _____________________________.

29. A high carbohydrate diet is prescribed for patients with renal insufficiency/renal failure because it ________________________ and ______________________________.

30. What disease is associated with scarring and loss of glomerular filtering surface? __________________________________________.

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Answers to Lesson 2: Self-Test

1. To control the composition, volume, and pressure of the body’s fluids by regulating excretion of water and solutes. (para 2-1a)

2. Nephrons. (para 2-2d)

3. Minor and major calyces. (para 2-2f)

4. Peristalsis. (para 2-3)

5. Approximately 6-7 1/2 inches. (para 2-5a)

6. Approximately 1 1/2 inches. (para 2-5b)

7. Glomerulus. (para 2-7c)

8. Tubules (of the nephrons).  (para 2-7d)

9. Water (95 percent); solutes (5 percent). (para 2-8a)

10. Oliguria. (para 2-9a(3))

11. Less than 50. (para 2-9a(4))

12. Hematuria. (para 2-9b(9))

13. The urethral orifice is colonized by bacteria. (para 2-11d)

14. Keep container “on ice” or in a refrigerator. (para 2-12i)

15. Kidneys, ureters, bladder. (para 2-13a)

16. A correct answer consists of any four of the following:

a. To relieve distention.

b. To obtain a sterile specimen of urine.

c. To determine residual urine.

d. To provide continuous drainage of the bladder.

e. To irrigate or instill medications. (para 2-15a-e)

17. To reduce friction and trauma. (para 2-16b)

18. Inflate the balloon to test it, then deflate. (para 2-19a(12)

19. Only when collecting the initial specimen from a new, sterile bag after inserting the catheter. (para 2-19b(18))

20. To the abdomen. (para 2-20b(13))

21. The urethra.  (para 2-24a)

22. The urethra is in close anatomical proximity to the vagina and rectum. (para 2-24b(1))

23. To “flush out” the bacteria. (para 2-26b)

24. Pyelonephritis. (para 2-24b(3))

25. Stone formation (urolithiasis). (para 2-27b)

26. To decrease protein metabolism, which produces nitrogenous wastes that cannot be filtered by the kidney. (para 2-34e(4)(b))

27. Acute renal failure. (para 2-35a)

28. Assist the kidneys to maintain homeostasis; prepare the patient for dialysis or transplant. (para 2-33a,b)

29. Provides energy; decreases protein metabolism. (para 2-34e(4)(d))

30. Glomerulonephritis. (para 2-30a)