The two radiographic procedures used most frequently to aid in diagnosis of urinary disorders are the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) and Intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

a. A flat plate X-ray of the abdomen to visualize the KUB.

(1) It is used to show the size, shape, and positioning of the kidneys.

(2) It serves as a baseline reference for follow-up X-rays.

(3) It is used to visualize the size and position of urinary tract calculi (stones).

b. Intravenous pyelogram is the intravenous introduction of a contrast medium that concentrates in the urine. This visualizes the KUB.

(1) It is customary to keep the patient N.P.O. for 8-10 hours prior to the exam.

(2) Laxatives are given the evening prior to the exam to eliminate fecal matter from the GI tract.

(3) The patient should not be overly hydrated, as this will dilute the contrast medium and reduce visualization.