Diabetes mellitus is categorized according to the type of diabetes and the intensity of the carbohydrate intolerance.

a. Type I: Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. 

(1) Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by onset in youth (age 20 or younger), although it may occur at any age. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus has previously been referred to as “juvenile diabetes.”

(2) Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by low serum insulin levels due to an insulin deficiency.

(3) Treatment consists of parenteral administration of insulin along with diet therapy.

b. Type II: Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. 

(1) Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by onset after the age of 40, although it may occur in younger persons as well. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus is also known as “adult onset diabetes mellitus” (AODM).

(2) Insulin production does not stop, but insulin levels may be low, normal, or elevated.

(3) Sixty to 90 percent of Type II diabetics are overweight or obese.

(4) Treatment consists of diet therapy, weight control measures, and the use of oral hypoglycemic medications if necessary.