a. General. Examination of gastric contents and gastric juice provides information used in diagnosis. For example, the following may be determined:

(1) The presence, amount, or absence of hydrochloric acid.

(2) The presence of cancer cells.

(3) The types and amounts of enzymes present.

b. Pre-Procedural Nursing Implications. 

(1) The patient must be educated about the procedure, the significance of the preparation, and any significant post-procedural sequelae.

(2) Many procedures require that the patient sign a permit. Check with your local MTF SOP.

(3) The physician may require the patient to be nothing by mouth (NPO) for 8-10 hours prior to the test.

(4) Gastric analysis requires the insertion of a gastric tube for the purpose of withdrawing a specimen. General care and precautions associated with gastric intubation should be implemented. (Refer to Section IV, Gastrointestinal Intubation.)

(5) If ordered by the physician, withdraw the stomach contents and save for lab analysis.

(6) The patient should be allowed to rest for 20 to 30 minutes after insertion of the tube before beginning the test. This allows time for the patient’s body to return to a rested, basal state.

c. Procedural Nursing Implications. 

(1) Obtain the specimens as directed by the physician or local SOP.

(2) Label each specimen with the amount and the time collected in addition to the patient identification.

(3) Note and report the presence of the following:

(a) Undigested food.

(b) Blood.

(c) Fecal odor.

(4) Assess the patient’s tolerance to the procedure by monitoring blood pressure and pulse.

(5) Some gastric analysis tests require the administration of drugs to stimulate gastric secretion. It is necessary to have an emergency cart available in these cases.

d. Post-Procedural Nursing Implications.

(1) Monitor the patient’s vital signs in accordance with the ward’s SOP.

(2) Observe for signs of throat irritation secondary to tube placement.

(3) Observe for signs of bleeding from the throat or stomach.

(4) Resume diet and medication IAW the physician’s orders or ward SOP.