REFERENCES

1. Toole MJ, Waldman RJ. Prevention of excess mortality in refugee and displaced populations in developing countries. JAMA 1990;263:3296-302.
2. Tailhades M, Toole MJ. Disasters: What are the needs? How can they be assessed? Trop Doctor 1991;21(suppl 1):18-23.
3. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Convention and protocol relating to the status of refugees. HCR/INF/29/Rev 3. Geneva, 1968
4. D'Souza F. Who is a refugee? Definitions and assistance. Disasters 1981;5:1473-5.
5. U.S. Committee for Refugees. World refugee survey -- 1988 in review. Washington, DC, 1989.
6. CDC. Toole MJ, Foster S. Famines. In: Gregg MB, ed. The public health consequences of disasters 1989; Atlanta GA 1989:79-89.
7. CDC. Public health assessment -- Russian federation, 1992. MMWR 1992;41:89-91.
8. United Nations Administrative Committee for Coordination, Subcommittee on Nutrition, and the International Nutrition Planners Forum. Nutrition in times of disaster. Presented as a report of an international conference; September 27-30, 1988; Geneva, Switzerland.
9. CDC. Update: Health and nutritional profiles of refugees -- Ethiopia, 1989-1990. MMWR 1990;39:707-9,715-8.
10. CDC. Public health consequences of acute displacement of Iraqi citizens
11. March-May 1991. MMWR 1991;40:443-6.
12. Seaman J. Famine mortality in Ethiopia and Sudan. In: Proceedings of seminar on mortality and society in Sub-Saharan Africa, Yaounde, Cameroun, October 19-23, 1987, for the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population; Liege, Belgium.
13. Otten M. Nutritional and mortality aspects of the 1985 famine in north-central Ethiopia. Presented as a report to the Save the Children Federation; March 26, 1986; Westport, Conn.
14. United Nations Children's Fund. State of the world's children. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press 1989.
15. Person-Karell B. The relationship between child malnutrition and crude mortality among 42 refugee populations. Atlanta, Ga.: Emory University 1989. Masters thesis.
16. CDC. Health status of Kampuchean refugees Sakaeo, Thailand. MMWR 1979;28:545-6.
17. Toole MJ, Waldman RJ. An analysis of mortality trends among refugee populations in Somalia, Sudan, and Thailand. Bull WHO 1988;66:237-47.
18. Boss LP, Brink EW, Dondero TJ. Infant mortality and childhood nutritional status among Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Int J Epidemiol 1987;16:556-60.
19. CDC. Nutritional and health assessment of Mozambican refugees in two districts of Malawi, 1998. MMWR 1989;38:455-6,461-3.
20. CDC. Nutritional status of Somali refugees -- Eastern Ethiopia, September 1988-May 1989. MMWR 1989;38:455-6,461-3.
21. CDC. Health and nutritional status of Liberian refugee children -- Guinea, 1990. MMWR 1991;40:13-5.
22. Toole MJ, Nieburg P, Waldman RJ. Association between inadequate rations, undernutrition prevalence, and mortality in refugee camps. J Trop Pediatr 1988;34:218-20.
23. Measuring Change in nutritional status: Guidelines for assessing the nutritional impact of supplementary feeding programmes for vulnerable groups. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 1983.
24. CDC. Evaluation of drought-related acute undernutrition -- Mauritania, 1983. MMWR 1984;33:565-7.
25. CDC. Rapid nutritional status evaluation during drought conditions -- Republic of Niger. MMWR 1986;35:384-6.
26. CDC. Rapid nutrition evaluation during drought conditions -- Burkina Faso, 1985. MMWR 1986;35:5-6,11-2.
27. CDC. Rapid nutritional and health-assessment of the population affected by drought-associated famine -- Chad. MMWR 1985;43:665-7.
28. CDC. Rapid nutrition evaluation in drought-affected regions of Somalia 1987. MMWR 1987;37:104-7.
29. CDC. Nutritional assessment of children in drought-affected areas -- Haiti, 1990. MMWR 1991;40:222-4.
30. Rutherford GW, Mahanjane AE. Morbidity and mortality in the Mozambican famine of 1983. J Trop Pediatr 1985;31:143-9.
31. CDC. Nutritional and health status of displaced persons -- Sudan, 1988-1989. MMWR 1989;38:848-50,855.
32. Nieburg P, Berry A, Steketee R, Binkin N, Dondero T, Aziz N. Limitations of anthropometry during acute food shortages: high mortality can mask refugees' deteriorating nutritional status. Disasters 1988;12:253-8.
33. Desenclos JC, Berry AM, Padt R, Farah B, Segala C, Nabil AM. Epidemiological patterns of scurvy among Ethiopian refugees. Bull WHO 1989:67;309-16.
34. Toole M. Micronutrient deficiency diseases in refugee populations. Lancet 1992;333:1214-6.
35. Nieburg P, Waldman RJ, Leavell R, Sommer A, DeMaeyer EM. Vitamin A supplementation for refugees and famine victims. Bull WHO 1988:66;698-7.
36. CDC. Outbreak of pellagra among Mozambican refugees -- Malawi, 1990. MMWR 1991;40:209-13.
37. CDC. Surveillance of health status of Kampuchean refugees -- Khao I-Dang Holding Center, Thailand, December 1981-June 1983. MMWR 1983;32:412-5.
38. Sommer A, Hussaini G, Tarwotio I, Susanto D. Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin A deficiency. Lancet 1983;1:585-8.
39. Sommer A, et al. Impact of vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality. A randomized controlled community trial. Lancet 1986;1:1169-73.
40. Magan A, Warsame M, Ali-Salad AK, Toole M. An outbreak of scurvy in Somalia refugee camps. Disasters 1983;7:94-7.
    
41. Moren A, Lemoult D, Brodel A. Pellagra in Mozambican refugees (letter). Lancet 1990;385:1403-4.
42. Toole MJ, Waldman RJ. Nowhere a promised land. In: Bernstein E, ed. 1991 Medical and health annual. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1990:124-43.
43. Toole MJ, Steketee RW, Waldman RJ, Nieburg P. Measles prevention and control in emergency setting. Bull WHO 1989;67:381-8.
    
44. Desenclos JC, Michel D, Tholly F, et al. Mortality trends among refugees in Honduras, 1984-1987. Int J Epidemiol 1990;19:367-73.
    
45. Desenclos JC, Zergabacken A, Desmonlins B, et al. Clinical, microbiological and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoea in Korem, Ethiopia. J Trop Med Hyg 1988;91:296-301.
46. CDC. Holck SE, Preblud SR, John B. Cholera in two Kampuchean refugee camps. In: Allegra DT, Nieburg P, Grabe M, eds. Emergency refugee health care -- a chronicle of the Khmer refugee-assistance operation 1979-1980. Atlanta: 57-60.
47. Mulholland K. Cholera in Sudan: An account of an epidemic in a refugee camp in eastern Sudan, May-June 1985. Disasters 1985;9:247-58.
48. Moren A, Stefanaggi S, Antona D, et al. Practical field epidemiology to investigate a cholera outbreak in a Mozambican refugee camp in Malawi, 1988. J Trop Med Hyg 1991;94(1):1-7.
49. Refugee Health Unit. 1985 Annual Report. Somalia: Ministry of Health. 1985.
50. Bitar D. Surveillance of Cholera among Mozambican refugees in Malawi, 1988-1991. Preliminary report. Paris, France: Epicentre; October 1991.
51. CDC. Hurwitz ES. Malaria among newly arrived refugees in Thailand, 1979-1980. In: Allegra DT, Nieburg P, Grabe M, eds. Emergency refugee health care -- a chronicle of the Khmer refugee-assistance operation 1979-1980;43-7.
52. Suleman M. Malaria in Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Trans Royal Soc Trop Med & Hygiene 1988;82:44-7.
53. CDC. Enterically transmitted non-A, non-B Hepatitis -- East Africa. MMWR 1987;36:241-4.
54. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Handbook for Emergencies. Geneva, 1982.
55. Benenson AS, ed. Control of communicable diseases in man. 15th ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, 1990:280-4.
56. CDC. Preblud SR, Horan JM, Davis CE. Meningoccal disease among Khmer refugees in Thailand. In: Allegra DT, Nieburg P, Grabe M, eds. Emergency refugee health care -- a chronicle of the Khmer refugee -- assistance operation 1979-1980;65-9.
57. Moore PS, Toole MJ, Nieburg P, Waldman RJ, Broome CV. Surveillance and control of meningococcal meningitis epidemics in refugee populations. Bull WHO 1989;67:381-8.

Advertise on this site