NBC PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
FMST 0213
27 OCT 99

TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1.      Given a simulated NBC contaminated environment (day and night), individual combat equipment, and NBC personnel protective equipment, utilize NBC personnel protective equipment and measures per the reference.  (FMST.02.13)

ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1.      Without the aid of reference materials, given a list of definitions, identify the definition of Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP), per student handout.  (FMST.02.13a)

2.      Without the aid of reference materials, given a list of limitations, identify the MOPP limitations, per student handout.  (FMST.02.13b)

3.      Without the aid of reference materials, given a list of MOPP Levels, identify those levels, per student handout.  (FMST.02.13c)

OUTLINE

A.     MISSION ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE (MOPP).  MOPP is a flexible system of protection against agents which are used in chemical warfare to facilitate mission accomplishment.  Because of body heat buildup and basic human needs, the over-garment can’t be worn for an indefinite period.  MOPP however, gives the commander and staff a range of choices (levels of chemical protection) for their units, from No Protection at all to Full Protection.

1. Types of Protective Clothing.

a.       Permeable.  Allows for the passage of air and moisture through the fabric.

b.      Impermeable.  Does not allow for the passage of moisture and air through the fabric.

2. The Basic Features of Permeable Protective Over-garment.

a.       Standard Protective Over-Garments:

1)      The (BDO)(OG84) is an expendable two piece over-garment (one jacket, one pair of trousers) which is issued in eight sizes (XXX-S to XX-L).  It comes in woodland or desert camouflage and it replaces the old olive drab (OD) green Chemical Protective Over-garment (CPOG).

2)      The Saratoga is also an expendable two piece over-garment, which is issued in 4 sizes (S to XL).  It comes in woodland or desert camouflage.  This piece of gear is designed to be laundered up to (10) times provided it has not been exposed to contamination.  It is not designed to be decontaminated or reimpreginated.

NOTE.  It is important to remember when being sized, the over-garment is intended to be worn over the duty uniform, or in hot weather over underwear, to include individual protective body armor.  782 gear will be worn outside the over-garment.  The protective over-garment is intended primarily for protection of personnel exposed to VAPORS, AEROSOLS, and small LIQUID DROPLETS of nerve and blister agents.  The protective over-garment does not provide protection from initial gamma radiation particles from a nuclear blast, but will provide protection against ALPHA and BETA particles and living biological agents.

The over-garment may be worn for 30 DAYS in a non-contaminate environment, this includes the first day of wear.  If you still do not have a replacement over-garment, continue to wear the old one until you do get a replacement.  The reason for this is simple, the protection from an old over-garment is better than your camouflage utilities by themselves.

The over-garment is not designed to be decontaminated or reimpreginated for re-use; it is removed (discarded) within 24 HOURS after being contaminated with chemical agents, or after exposure to a contaminated environment.

3.      Components and complimentary Items.

a.       Components:

1)      One pair of trousers and one jacket.  The over-garment material consists of an outer layer of nylon cotton and an inner layer of charcoal impregnated polyurethane foam.

2)      One pair of Protective Over-boots either Green Vinyl Over-boots (GVO) or one pair of Black Vinyl Over-boots (BVO).  The GVO/BVO will provide protection to the feet from contamination of all known agents, and radiological particles for a minimum of 14 days.  Protection continues past 14 days provided the GVO/BVO remains serviceable.  Wearing the GVO/BVO with the combat boots provide full protection against all known agents.

3)      Two pair of Chemical Protective Gloves.

b.      Complimentary Items:

1)      Field Protective Mask.

2)      Field Protective Hood designed to go over your mask.

B.     PROPER PROCEDURES FOR DONNING NBC PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

1.      Put on the trousers and adjust for waist fit.  Adjust and fasten suspenders if wearing the Satatoga.

2.      Put on jacket, zip it up, attach the Velcro together, tighten the drawstring at the bottom of the jacket.  Fold the hood to the inside if wearing the Saratoga.

3.      Put on the chemical protective footwear covers.

4.      Velcro the bottom of the trousers over the footwear covers.

5.      Don protective mask.

6.      Put on the chemical protective gloves fastening the cuffs on the jacket over the cuffs on the gloves.

7.      M9 paper is affixed to the arm at the wrist or upper arm and also on the ankle of the leg.  M9 paper is worn on the opposite arm and leg.

C.     MOPP LIMITATIONS.

1.      Heat Exhaustion.  Individuals working at a heave work rate, while in protective gear, may experience heat exhaustion (dizziness and fainting)  at any time especially during periods of high temperatures.

2.      Work Rate.  Consideration of such factors as mask breathing resistance, increase in body temperature from work energy and solar heat, and psychological and physiological stress.

3.      Five Senses.  Involving the senses or related functions such an manual dexterity, visual acuity, and voice communications will operate at varying decreased levels of efficiency.

4.      Personal Needs.  Individuals can be in full chemical protection for indefinite periods and still attend to certain personal needs such as eating, caring for wounds, personal hygiene, sleep, and elimination of body waste.

5.      Eating.  The ability of Mariness to eat in an NBC environment depends on the type and extent of contamination.  Some of the available options are as follows:

a)      If Mariness are in a contaminated area, move them into a collective protection facility.

b)      Postpone meals until a clean area is reached.

6.      Elimination of Body Waste.  The mission may not allow MOPP gear exchange or deliberate decontamination.  However personnel may need to relieve themselves while in MOPP gear.  Personnel must carefully avoid getting contaminants on exposed skin or clothing worn under the over-garments.

D.     MOPP LEVELS.

1.      There are FIVE different levels of MOPP:

a.       MOPP Level 0.  This level of protection is established when there is no general warning and the threat of NBC Warfare does not exist.  Mask and hood are carried.  Over-garment, over-boots, gloves are readily available.

b.      MOPP Level I.  This level of protection is established when the general warning is given and the threat of NBC Warfare exists.  Mask and hood are carried.  Over-garment is worn open or closed, based on temperature.  Over-boots and gloves are carried.

c.       MOPP Level II.  This level of protection is established during tactical situations that require units to cross terrain where the previous use of chemical agents is known.  Mask and hood are carried.  Over-garment is worn open or closed, based on temperature.  Over-boots are worn and gloves are carried.

d.      MOPP Level III.  This level of protection is established when units are on the move and a chemical attack is possible.  Mask and hood are worn, hood open or closed, based on temperature.  Over-boots are worn and gloves carried.

e.       MOPP Level IV.  This level of protection is established when a unit will be operating within an area of contamination, or if there is an imminent threat of attack.  Mask and hood are worn and closed.  Over-garment is worn and closed.  Over-boots and gloves are worn.

E.      MASK ONLY POSTURE.

1.      In a contaminated area, those Marines who are protected from skin exposure to liquid or solid contamination (transfer hazard) may wear only their mask.  Sailors/Marines who fall into this category are those who are in tanks, some vans, and some buildings, which may be exposed to a vapor hazard, but not transfer hazard.

2.      The only agent which does not fall under the Mask-only Posture is a Blister agent.

3.      Upon exiting the shelter, the Sailor/Marine must assume the appropriate MOPP level that is being utilized outside.  When returning to the Mask-only Posture, the Sailor/Marine must avoid bringing any liquid contamination into the shelter.

REFERENCES

NBC Defense, FMFM 11-1

Effects of Nuclear Weapons and Directed Energy on Military Operations

Field Medical Service School
Camp Pendleton, California

Approved for public release; Distribution is unlimited.

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Operational Medicine 2001
Health Care in Military Settings

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