INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following exercises by marking the lettered response that best answers the exercise, by completing the incomplete statement, or by writing the answer in the space(s) provided.

After you have completed all of these exercises, turn to "Solutions to Exercises" at the end of the lesson and check your answers. For each exercise answered incorrectly, reread the material referenced with the solution.

1. Of the two fetal membranes, which one is the smooth, slippery, glistening innermost membrane that lines the amniotic space?

____________________________________________________

2. How long (number of months) is a trimester? ________________

3. Lightening occurs during the ________________trimester.

4. What is the normal duration of pregnancy? __________________

5. What tests are used to assess fetal maturity and well-being?

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

6. Possible maternal risk of the amniocentesis includes:

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

For exercises 7 through 16. Use the following terms to complete the sentences or statements.

fertilization pregnancy lunar month growth

zygote monozygotic multizygotic

placenta chorion fraternal twins identical twins

7. _______________________ originate from the same ovum and are always of the same sex.

8. An increase in size is known as _______________________.

9. The ___________________ is the outer membrane of the two fetal membranes.

10. The _______________________ is a fleshy disklike organ.

11. The combined ovum and sperm. _______________________.

12. A sequence of events that normally includes fertilization, implantation, embryonic growth, and fetal growth that terminates in birth. _______________________.

13. The joining together of the ovum and sperm cells is referred to as ____________.

14. A period of four weeks (28 days). _______________________

15. The result of pregnancies involving two or more fetuses is known as _______________________ and _______________________.

16. Twins from two separate ova and sperm and may be of different sexes.

_______________________

17. During the third trimester, passive immunity to some diseases is provided by the mother. The fetus receives temporary protection from the following diseases:

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

_______________________

18. What changes occur in circulation after birth to the following parts?

Umbilical vein -_______________________

Ductus venosus - _______________________

Umbilical arteries - _______________________

Foramen ovale - _______________________

Ductus arteriosus - _______________________

19. The _______________________ acts as the intermediary organ of transfer between the mother and the fetus.

20. How does the fetus receive oxygen? _______________________

1. amnion (para 2-7a).

2. 3 months (para 2-8).

3. 3rd (para 2-8c(5)).

4. 9 1/2 to 10 months (para 2-9a).

5. Amniocentesis.

Non-stress test.

Oxytocin challenge test.

Breast stimulation test.

Contraction stress test (paras 2-10a, b, and c).

6. hemorrhage.

Infection.

Labor.

inadvertent damage to the intestines or bladder (para 2-10a(4)(a)).

7 . identical twins (para 2-14b(1)).

8. growth (para 2-8).

9. chorion (para 2-7b).

10. placenta (para 2-5).

11. zygote (para 2-2c).

12. pregnancy (para 2-1).

13. fertilization (para 2-2a).

14. lunar month (para 2-8).

15. monozygotic

multi-zygotic (para 2-14c).

16. fraternal twins (para 2-14b(2)).

17. rubella.

Diphtheria.

Measles.

Poliomyelitis.

Tetanus.

mumps (para 2-13b).

18. Umbilical vein--is obliterated and becomes the round ligament of the liver.

Ductus venosus--is obliterated and becomes a ligament.

Umbilical arteries--are obliterated and ultimately becomes ligaments.

Foramen ovale--closes after birth, after the umbilical cord is tied and cut.

Ductus arteriosus--is obliterated and becomes a ligament. (para 2-12).

19. placenta (para 2-11).

20. through the placenta (para 2-11).