Category:

• Miscellaneous

Description:

• Sedative; anesthesia adjunct

Indications:

• Premedication for surgery

• Induction, maintenance in general anesthesia

Precautions:

• Pregnancy category C; has been used to promote analgesia for cesarean sections without affecting respiration of the newborn

• Elderly, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, liver disease, Parkinson’s disease

• Children < age 2

Adverse Reactions (Side Effects):

• CNS: akathisia, chills, dizziness, drowsiness, dystonia, hallucinations, shivering

• CV: hypertension, hypotension, tachycardia

• EENT: ocular crisis

• MS: muscular rigidity

• RESP: apnea, bronchospasm, respiratory arrest, respiratory depression

Dosage:

Administered intravenously and intramuscularly

• Adult:             

  • Adjunct to general anesthesia: 

    • IV 2.5mg/10kg given with analgesic or general anesthetic

  • Premedication for surgery: 

    • IM 2.5-10mg 30-60 minutes preoperatively

  • Maintaining general anesthesia: 

    • IV 1.25-2.5mg

• Child:            

  • Adjunct to general anesthesia: 

    • IV 1-1.5mg/10kg

    • titrate to response needed

  • Premedication for surgery: 

    • IM 1-1.5mg/10kg 30-60 minutes preoperatively